Electives : M.Tech. - Aerospace Engineering

AE60001 AERODYNAMICS ( 3-1-0 4)

Governing equations for inviscid incompressible Velocity potential, stream function, circulation, source, doublet and vortices. Concept of superposition. Thin airfoil theory. Lifting line theory. Governing eqn. For inviscid compressible flow. Thin airfoils in supersonic flow.

Concept of boundary layer and deviation of boundary layer equations. Some exact solutions of incompressible boundary layer equations. Approximate solution by integral methods. Introduction to Compressible boundary layer, boundary layer equations and similarity solutions.

AE60003 STRUCTURES (3-1-0 4)

Brief historical review of development of Aerospace structural systems. Flight environments. Aerospace structural materials and stress-strain characteristics. Structural analysis methods-analytical and numerical. Elasticity approach to solution of structural problems and its limitations. Displacement and force methods for analysis of skeletal systems. Bending and torsion of thin-walled members. Bending and buckling of thin plates and stiffened plates. Analysis of pressurized shells. Variational and numerical methods of structural analysis – Ritz, Galerkin, Finite Difference, Finite Element, Advanced concepts – fracture mechanics, damage mechanics etc.

AE60005 PROPULSION ( 3-1-0 4)

Classification and characteristics of various propulsive devices for aircraft and space applications. Thermodynamic cycle analysis and thrust equation. Propeller Theory. Introduction to various components of jet engine and their performance.

Fundamentals of chemical rockets. Calculation of equilibrium compositions and adiabatic flame temperature. Nozzle design. Performance of liquid Propellant Rocket Engine- Propellant chemistry. Injector and combustion camber design. Cooling systems. Classification of solid propellants. Solid propellant combustion mechanism and burning rate laws. Design and performance of end burning and slid burning grains.

AE60007 FLIGHT MECHANICS (3-1-0 4)

Performance characteristics of aircraft take off, landing and steady climb concept and definition of stability;  static stability, longitudinal, directional and lateral; dynamic stability, stability derivatives, characteristics equation, typical modes of longitudinal and directional motions; stability criterion and stability diagrams. Analysis of unsteady flight, trajectory optimization, automatic control and guidance.

AE69003 LABORATORY I (0-0-3 2)

  Experiments in Aerodynamics, Structures and Propulsion.

AE69004 MACHINE COMPUTATION LABORATORY (0-0-3 2)

AE69006 LABORATORY II ( 0-0-3 2)

Experiments in Aerodynamics, Structures and Propulsion.

Review of panel method and boundary layer theory, Viscous-inviscid interaction by direct and Semi-inverse approaches, Grid generation, numerical solutions of transonic small perturbation, full potential, and Euler equations, Numerical solution of incompressible and Compressible Navier-Stokes equations, Numerical methods in turbulent flows.

Review of viscous flow equations, Three-dimensional boundary layer solutions, Two-dimensional compressible boundary layer solutions, stability of flow and transition to turbulence, Turbulent boundary layer, inner and outer wall laws and power laws for velocity profile, jets and wakes, profile drag, Introduction to unsteady viscous flow.

Atmospheric motion, global, regional, and local wind patterns, atmospheric boundary layer characteristics, effects of surface roughness and topography, vertical wind profile and stability, surface fluxes, Analysis of atmospheric boundary layer in terms of time averaged properties, turbulence characteristics, Wind tunnels for simulation of atmospheric boundary layer, Estimation of wind resources, Atmospheric pollution.

Review of heat transfer theory, steady and transient conditions, Classification of missiles, wing arrangements, aerodynamic characteristics of missiles, Missile trajectories and performance. Reentry problem and nose cone heating, ablation and ablative materials, effective heat of ablation for fusion, vaporization and combination. Mutual interaction of fin, body and control surfaces, aerodynamic characteristics and stability criteria, aerodynamic controls.

 Review of automatic control theory, Multivariable system design using state feedback, dynamics of sensors and actuators used in aerospace systems, Longitudinal and lateral stability augmentation and autopilot systems, Automatic landing system.

General propulsion systems, Theory of intakes and exhaust systems, thrust reversers, Jet engine noise and methods of noise reduction, Cycle analysis of one and two spool engines, Equilibrium running of gas turbine engines, Component matching, Transient behaviour, Design consideration of axial flow multistage machines, stream line curvature method, radial equilibrium equation, Design and off-design performance.

Brief review chemical kinetics and thermodynamics, transport phenomena, aerothermochemistry, gas dynamics of combustion, Rankine-Hugoniot relations and Chapmanjouguet points, deflagration and flammability limits, stirred reactors, ignition in laminar mixing layers, flame stabilization in high velocity gas streams, turbulent premixed flames. Diffusion flames: General convective mass transfer problem, liquid droplet combustion, metal particle combustion, combustion in boundary layers and hybrid propellant combustion, combustion of fuel sprays, combustion in liquid propellant rockets. Combustion of solid propellants: Application of laminar flame theory to the burning of homogeneous propellants, composite propellant combustion, granular diffusion flame theory, sandwich burning, BDP and Petit ensemble approaches to the composite propellant burning, Erosive burning, Combustion instability in rockets, jet pipes, and ramjets, characterization and analysis, stability rating and alleviation.

 Principles of airbreathing propulsion, performance parameters, ramjet engine: Cycle and performance analysis, supersonic inlets, combustors for liquid fuel ramjet engines, combustion instability and its suppression, solid fuel ramjet engines, testing of ramjets.

 Ramrockets: Performance analysis, ducted and shrouded types, air-augmented rockets, integrated ramjet-rocket systems, nozzle less solid propellant rockets and integrated ramjet-rocket boosters, dump combustors and associated combustion problems, computational fluid dynamics techniques in the design and development of combustors.

 Hypersonic air-breathing propulsion, SCRAM jet engines: Methods of analysis, hypersonic intakes, supersonic combustors, engine cooling and materials problem, CFD applications, liquid air-cycle engines, space plane applications, experimental and testing facilities, the shock tunnel.

Ramjets and scramjets, ram rockets, space planes, Classification of performance analysis of nuclear fission and fusion rockets, Plasma rockets, Electrostatic thrusters, MHD propulsion, laser rockets, Solar thermal rockets, photon rockets, solar sail, Advanced propulsion concepts.

N-body problem, ideal two-body equation of motion, Orbit established from initial conditions, Orbital elements, determination of orbits from position and velocity vectors, and from two and three-position vectors, effect of small impulses on orbital elements, Ballistic missile trajectories and performance, low acceleration orbit transfers. Equations of motion of a rigid rocket, powered flight trajectory, trajectory optimization, multi-staging and optimization of number of stages. Disturbing forces and control forces, motion of spinning and fin-stabilized rockets, general theory of orbital perturbation and orbit decay, error analysis, Altitude dynamics, Restricted 3-body problem, Lunar transfer of orbits, Interplanetary flight.

Variational principles in structural analysis, general finite element formulation using assumed displacement models, convergence requirements, finite element structural analysis using simple bar, beam and two-dimensional plane stress elements. Shape function  C0 and C1 elements, rectangular elements, Lagrange family and serendipity family, natural co-ordinates: interpolation fields for triangular elements. Isoparametric formulation; one- and two-dimensional elements, Gauss quadrature, elements for axial symmetry; plate bending elements, finite element free vibration analysis of bars and beams, weighted residual and Galerkin methods, finite element modeling and programming.

Introduction, discrete systems, matrix formulation, Generalized equations, of motion, generalized forces, response of undamped systems, special kinds of damping, non-viscous damping, Gyroscope systems, continuous systems, Variational approach, classical eigenvalue problem Beams and membranes, Plates Energy method, Finite element method.

AE60036 FRACTURE MECHANICS (3-0-0 3)

Introduction, concepts of response and stability, Torsional divergence and static airload distributions, Complete vehicle equilibrium and sweep effects, Control effectiveness and reversal of complete vehicle, Lifting surface flutter, flutter analysis using modal representation, the p, k and p-k methods of solutions, effects of Mach number, altitude and mass ratio, panel flutter, linear theory for flat panels and design considerations, Assumed mode solutions for flat and cylindrical panels, Non-linear theory for flat panels and development of fatigue criteria.

Basic equations of theory of elasticity, Airy's stress function, two-dimensional problems. Strain measurement methods; strain gages; gage sensitivity and gage factor, strain rosettes, environmental effects, strain gage circuits, strain data analysis and stress computation, demonstration of measurement techniques. Two dimensional photo-elasticity; wave theory, reflection, refraction and polarization, stress-optic law, polariscopes, isochromatic and isoclinic fringes patterns, compensation techniques, calibration, separation methods, properties of photo-elastic materials, introduction to three-dimensional photo-elasticity, demonstrations using reflection and transmission polariscopes. Brittle coating methods, moiré method, briefringent coating and holographic interferometry techniques.

Historical background, wind-data, basic shape factors, bluff body aerodynamics, Wing tunnels and measurement techniques, Dynamic effects, aeroelastic phenomena, Application to buildings, chimneys, towers, bridges, automobiles, etc. Design practices, case studies.

Types of wind tunnels; design and operation, subsonic, transonic, supersonic and hypersonic tunnels. Visualization of flow; tufts, smoke, oil flow, shadowgraph, schlieren, interferometer. Calibration of wind tunnel. Instrumentation for testing; mechanical and electronic equipments for measurement of pressure and forces. Wing tunnel boundary corrections for 2D and 3D testing and reduction of test data.

Generalized three-dimensional equations of conservation with real gas effects, simplified forms in ideal cases, Bernoulli's equation for compressible flow. One dimensional steady gas dynamics: Flow through nozzles and diffusers, formation of normal shocks, theory of normal and oblique shocks, shock polar, expansion waves, wave interaction, Rayleigh and Fanno lines; One-dimensional unsteady gas dynamics; piston analogy; linearised shock tube, Riemann invariants, moving shock waves; Methods of characteristics and design of nozzles; experimental methods and measurement techniques.

Fibre-reinforced composite structures and their aerospace application, Fibre matrices, fibre-reinforced composites, advanced composite systems, Micro and macro-mechanics theories, Failure and fracture of composite structures, Environmental effects-Ground and space environments, Theories of sandwich structures, Bending, Buckling and Vibration of Composite and Sandwich structural elements, Design of aerospace composite and sandwich structural systems, Composite structural fabrication techniques. NDT methods, Characterisation Tests

Bending theory of thin plates: governing equations, rectangular and circular plates, plates of other shapes. Large deflection bending analysis. Elastic buckling analysis of plates. Post-buckling behaviour, Bending theory of thin shells: shell geometry, governing equations. Membrane and bending analysis: shells of revolution and shells of revolution and shells of translation, Energy and approximate methods for analysis of plates and shells.

Fuel performance in engines; combustion efficiency, effects of altitude, fuel volatility, injection and molecular structures of fuel on combustion efficiency. Altitude operational limits. Carbon deposits, smoking, Starting performance, ignition characteristics. Fuel behaviour in aircraft fuel systems, fuel specification and availability, potential low cost fuels, residual fuels for gas turbine applications.

AE60054 PRINCIPLES OF AIRCRAFT DESIGN ( 3-0-0 3)

Feasibility Studies and Preliminary Design; Configurations development, evaluation of performance requirements, estimation of stability characteristics. Flight envelopes, structural design of aircraft components such as wing spar, rib, bulkhead etc.